La criminalización de las mujeres embarazadas que consumen drogas
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35305/zf.v0i27.106Keywords:
aborto, drogas, embarazoAbstract
Despite clear lack of intent to harm those whom they carry, drug-using pregnant women have been constructed de facto criminal perpetrators. However,drug use falls short of being prima facie evidence of intent to harm, particularly in social circumstances where drug-using economics are endemic. The cases in this article signal the limits of tolerance and the increasingly conditional nature of public welfare provision by raising the specter of a generation of urban mothers – and grandmothers - unable to care for their kids. These cases also reflect the policy- making role into which hospitals and the courts have stepped in the face of a legislative void.Downloads
References
ALDERMAN, Ellen y KENNEDY, Caroline (1995). The Right to Privacy. Knopf.
BALISY, Sam S. (1987). “Maternal Substance Abuse: The Need to Provide Legal Protection for the Fetus.” Southern California Law Review 60 (4): 1209–38.
BEHUNIAK, Susan M. (1999). A Caring Jurisprudence: Listening to Patients at the Supreme Court. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.
BHARGAVA, Shalini (2004). “Challenging Punishment and Privatization: A Response to the Conviction of Regina McKnight.” Harvard Civil Rights-Civil Liberties Law Review 39 (2).
CAMPBELL, Nancy D. (2000). Using Women: Gender, Drug Policy, and Social Justice. Routledge.
——— (2005). “Regulating ‘Maternal Instinct’: Governing Mentalities of Late Twentieth-Century U.S. Illicit Drug Policy.” Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society 24 (4): 895–923.
CHESNEY-LIND, Meda y PASKO, Lisa (2013). The Female Offender: Girls, Women, and Crime. Sage Publications.
CONDIT, Celeste Michelle (1990). Decoding Abortion Rhetoric: Communicating Social Change. University of Illinois Press.
CUMMINGS, Sheila C. (2003). “Foreword: Is CRACK the Cure.” Journal of Law in Society 5.
DANIELS, Cynthia R. (1993). At Women’s Expense: State Power and the Politics of Fetal Rights. Harvard University Press.
FARMER, Paul (2003). Pathologies of Power: Health, Human Rights, and the New War on the Poor. University of California Press.
FIELD, Martha A. (1989) “Controlling the Woman to Protect the Fetus.” Law, Medicine and Health Care 17 (2): 114–29.
FITZPATRICK, Kevin M. y LA GORY, Mark (2000). Unhealthy Places: The Ecology of Risk in the Urban Landscape. Routledge.
FLYNN BELL, Heather (2013). “In Utero Endangerment and Public Health: Prosecution vs. Treatment.” Tulsa Law Review 36 (3).
FOLBRE, Nancy (1994). Who Pays for the Kids?: Gender and the Structure of Constraint. Routledge.
FRANK, Denorah, AUGUSTYN, Marilyn, KNIGHT, Wanda, Pell,
TRIPLER y ZUCKERMAN, Barry. (2001). “Growth, Development, and Behavior in Early Childhood Following Prenatal Cocaine Exposure: A Systematic Review.” JAMA 285 (12): 1613–25.
GALLAGHER, Janet (1987). “Prenatal Invasions and Interventions: What’s Wrong with Fetal Rights?” Harvard Women’s Law Journal 10: 9–58.
GÓMEZ, Laura E. (1997). Misconceiving Mothers: Legislators, Prosecutors, and the Politics of Prenatal Drug Exposure. Temple University Press.
GORDON, Linda (1995). Pitied but Not Entitled: Single Mothers and the History of Welfare, 1890-1935. Harvard University Press.
JANSSEN, Nova D. (2000). “Fetal Rights and the Prosecution of Women for Using Drugs during Pregnancy.” Drake Law Review 48 (4): 741–68.
JOHNSEN, Dawn E. (1986). “The Creation of Fetal Rights: Conflicts with Women’s Constitutional Rights to Liberty, Privacy, and Equal Protection.” Yale Law Journal 95 (3).
——— (1992). “Shared Interests: Promoting Healthy Births without Sacrificing Women’s Liberty.” The Hastings Law Journal 43 (3): 569–614.
JOHNSON, Phillip E. (1990). “The ACLU Philosophy and the Right to Abuse the Unborn.” Criminal Justice Ethics 9 (1): 48–51.
JONSSON, Patrik (2001). “South Carolina Tests the Bounds of a Fetus’s Rights - CSMonitor.Com.” 2001. https://www.csmonitor.com/2001/0628/p1s1.html.
LADD-TAYLOR, Molly y UMANKSY, Laurie (1998). “Introduction.” En “Bad” Mothers: The Politics of Blame in Twentieth-Century America 2, editado por Molly Ladd-Taylor y Laurie Umanksy. NYU Press.
MARSHALL, Mary Faith, MENIKOFF, Jerry y PALTROW, Lynn M. (2003). “Perinatal Substance Abuse and Human Subjects Research: Are Privacy Protections Adequate?” Mental Retardation and Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews 9 (1): 54–59.
MAYES, Linda, GRANGER, Richard, BORNSTEIN, Marc y ZUCKERMAN, Berry (1992). “The Problem of Prenatal Cocaine Exposure. A Rush to Judgment.” JAMA 267 (3): 406–8.
NAHAS, Brigitte M. (2001). “Drug Tests, Arrests, and Fetuses: A Comment on the U.S. Supreme Court’s Narrow Opinion in Ferguson v. City of Charleston.” Cardozo Women’s Law Journal 8.
OKAMOTO, Lynn (2001). “House Passes Feticide Bill.” Des Moines Register, April 18, 2001. https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/129078088/.
PAGE, Dana (2002). “NOTE. The Homicide by Child Abuse Conviction of Regina McKnight.” Howard Law Journal 46.
PALTROW, Lynn M. (1999). Pregnant Drug Users, Fetal Persons, and the Threat to Roe v. Wade: Lynn M Paltrow: Amazon.Com: Books. Albany Law School.
———. (2002). “The War on Drugs and the War on Abortion: Some Initial Thoughts on the Connections, Intersections and Effects.” Reproductive Health Matters 10 (19): 162–70.
———. (2004). What Happened to Regina McKnight? Editado por Harm reduction Coalition. New York.
REINARMAN, Craig (1997). Crack in America: Demon Drugs and Social Justice. University of California Press.
ROBERTS, Dorothy (1991). “Punishing Drug Addicts Who Have Babies: Women of Color, Equality, and the Right of Privacy.” Faculty Scholarship at Penn Law.
———. (1998). Killing the Black Body: Race, Reproduction, and the Meaning of Liberty. VINTAGE.
ROTH, Rachel (2000). Making Women Pay: The Hidden Costs of Fetal Rights. Cornell University Press.
———. (2002). “The Perils of Pregnancy: Ferguson v. City of Charleston.” Feminist Legal Studies 10 (2): 149/158.
SACHS, Andrea (1989). “Here Comes the Pregnancy Police; Mothers of Drug-Exposed Infants Face Legal Punishment.” May 22, 1989.
SCHNEIDER, Anne Larason e INGRAM Helen M. (1997). Policy Design for Democracy. University Press of Kansas.
SCHRAM, Sanford (2000). After Welfare: The Culture of Postindustrial Social Policy. New York University Press.
SOLINGER, Rickie (2001). Beggars and Choosers: How the Politics of Choice Shapes Adoption, Abortion, and Welfare in the United States. Hill and Wang.
TIME MAGAZINE (1986). “Fetus Abuse?; Against Doctor’s Orders.” Oct. 13, 1986.
TRAPP, Mark (2001). “Addicted to Abortion.” 2001. http://www.enterstageright.com/archive/articles/0601abortion.htm.
VALVERDE, Mariana (1998). Diseases of the Will: Alcohol and the Dilemmas of Freedom. Cambridge University Press.
——— (2003). Law’s Dream of a Common Knowledge. Princeton University Press.
WOLIVER, Laura R. (2002). The Political Geographies of Pregnancy. University of Illinois Press.
